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The possible role of infectious agents
"...several studies have found that human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) is activated more often than in controls in patients with CFS. However, a causal role for HHV-6 has not yet been established."
"More circumstantial evidence for a chronic viral infection in many patients comes from reports of an abnormality in an anti-viral lymphocyte enzyme system called the 2-5A pathway. One laboratory has found this antiviral pathway to be chronically activated in patients with CFS. Another case-control study, involving more than 700 patients from 2 different geographical areas, found a much higher frequency of atypical lymphocytes in patients with CFS than in healthy controls."
Citation: "A 56- Year-Old Woman With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome," JAMA October 18; 278 (14) (1997) :1179-1185.